ABSTRACT
This project was written in
compliance with the instruction given by the Federal Polytechnic Ede this
project would be of immense value to those willing to know more about religion,
tourism, and the Hospitality industry. Also, the impacts which religion has on
the society and tourism, the significance of religion tourism, and some
religion festivals were discussed based on its relationship with the
hospitality industry.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1Introduction
Tourism according to MCINTOSH and
Gupta (1977) as any voluntary activity that temporarily takes
person away from his or her usual place of residence in order to satisfy
a need either for pleasure, excitement, experience or relaxation. Tourism many
be seen to consist senses of encounter in which visitors interact with their
hosts.
The history of tourism could be
traced back to the days when Jesus Christ was born. The birth of Jesus Christ
which inside the three wise men to journey, from the east of Jerusalem to king
to visit Jesus Christ with different gifts. Mathew chapter 2 (The holy bible),
Tourism is said to be God’s own given gift to man, in the sense that any
tourist attraction centre is beautiful, thrilling and a marvellous sight to
behold which will leave you thinking of God’s great kindness to man.
Religion according to Socrates (a
greek philosopher, 1912) is defined as the practise that depicts the belief of
people which are of more importance to their everyday life. It controls the
laws, how you think and act, what you believe in, value etc. This have led to a
dramatic increase in knowledge about their cultures, norms and also the
establishment of economic and social histories of progress.
History has it that the stating
point of religion was from the tribal band whose religion is amonistic and
involved shamans (a medicine man from a similar region) and totems (an object;
species, plant, natural phenomenon symbolising a family). Since the group was
tribal, there was no permanent sanctuary for worship with cultic rites centre
on identification with wild animals and appeasing spirits of the hunted
animals.
Hospitality industry, an aspect of
Tourism which cannot be overlooked is defined according to “the prospectors act
1956. section 1 (3) as an establishment held our by the proprietors offering
foods and drinks if so required sleeping accommodation without special contract
to any traveller presenting himself to be in a fit state of mind to be received
and is willing and able to pay for the services rendered to him by the
establishment. Its history can be traced to the early civilization of the mind
16th century when the Romans built roads between the main cities and towns of
the time along which posting houses known as stabuli were set up to provide
holding, food drinks. Thus, Every city/town at this time had ale houses which
provides only drink which later advanced to the building of what we now call
the hospitality industry (hotel).
Therefore, as stated above, tourism
religion and hospitality cannot separated from one another which means that the
impacts one has on the other cannot be underemphasised.
1.2Background of the Study
The background of the study focused
on the surrounding the situation i.e. the course of study and how the issues
effect the followers of such religion moreso, it will focus on the activities
at the place of worship, likes for the leaders and some moral acts that
encourage people from religions activities. This study help to unveil the
impacts that tourism has on religion and hospitality industry.
Tourism and its associated practices
interact with religious life and the institutions of religion in virtually
every corner of the world. From Amish communities of rural Pennsylvania to the
snowy summits of Mount Fuji in Japan, from the mysterious ruins of Machu Picchu
in the Peruvian Andes to the monumental pyramids of Giza in Egypt, from
Chartres in France to the Western Wall in Jerusalem, millions of tourists seek
out places of religion every year. The relationship between religion and
tourism, however, amounts to far more than places of religion that host tourist
visitors. In fact, there are at least three broad approaches to understanding
this relationship: spatial, historical, and cultural. Each of these illuminates
different implications for religious life when tourists enter a sacred
precinct.
1.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ADO
EKITI
The first thing to note is
that Ado is the name of a political society, as a matter of fact, a kingdom, on
account of its size and development, was the largest in Ekiti. In its heydays,
the kingdom covered all of the present-day Ado Ekiti Local Government Area,
Irepodun/Ifelodun and Aiyerire Local Government Areas, Ekiti Southwest less
Ogotun and part of Ido/Osi Local Government Area. Traditions assert that at the
height of its power in the 18th and 19th centuries, about 200 years ago, Ado
kingdom consisted of 150 (ewadojo) communities. The metropolis of the kingdom
was Ado-Ekiti, Ewi was the sovereign head, his palace was (and still is)
situated in the Chief city. All the high Chiefs lived in the city. These Chiefs
were patron Chiefs of all the subordinate towns and villages.
Some Past Traditional Rulers Ewi
Adewumi Agunsoye 1910 - 1936 Ewi Anirare Aladesanmi II 1937 - 1983 Ewi Adeyemi
George, Adelabu I 1984 - 1988 Ewi Adeyemo Adejugbe, Aladesanmi III From 1990 up
to the present time
1.3.1 HISTORY
Where Ado-Ekiti is situated is a
land that has been continuously inhabited/occupied by human communities from
time immemorial. Available research shows that human societies of unknown
antiquity occupied this neighbourhood about (11,000) years ago. These ancient
inhabitants were probably the same or progenitors/ancestors of Igbon near Ogotun,
Erijiyan, Ijero, Ulesun and Asin (near Ikole) who were probably autochthones
because available traditions shows that they had lived in and near their abodes
from time immemorial. As a matter of fact, no one knows where, if any, they
came from and for how long they had lived in those ancient sites. Ulesun
appears the most well-known apparently on account of its size, the number of
its subordinate communities especially Aso, Ulero, Isinla, Ilamoji, Ukere and
Agbaun (near Igbemo), its well-organized traditional religion including its
festivals etc and its location at the heartland of Ekitiland. These ancient
people were the ancestors of Ekiti, they played hosts in the 7th and 8th
centuries, about 1,200 years ago, to waves of immigrants from the basins of the
rivers Niger and Benue; these settled among the ancient Ekiti, and were fewer
in number and so, the hosts culturally absorbed them. Eventually,the people
fused as aboriginal people by and by.
After many generations, a new wave
of immigrant groups penetrated this homeland; their leader as Ewi, second
succesor of Prince Biritiokun, Son of Oduduwa, on account of his wanderings all
the way from the Benin forests, the leader was nicknamed Awamaro. Ulesun people
welcomed them warmly and neighbouring committes came together to assist their
settlement (built homesteads for them) at Oke-Ibon in Odo Ijigbo. Eventually,
Ewi and his people overthrew the existing political arrangements, conquered
Ulesun community, displaced its ruler Elesun and established a new town, Awamaro
named Ado, meaning 'here we encamp'. Ewi Awamaro and his successors conquered
villages and cottage in the neighbourhood, replaced their rulers with thier own
loyalists, stalwarts and scions of the royal family. The important citizens of
these conquered communities were relocated in Ado. Ewi supplanted Elesun as
sovereign ruler of the aboriginal and settler population, many of Elesun's
Chiefs were confirmed in their offices but they swore oaths of allegiance to
the Ewi. Many of the succeeding Ewi expanded the kingdom by force of arms,
annexed territories and gave these territories to scions of the royal families,
these assumed titles which became hereditary.
The expansion and growth of
Ado-Ekiti and the kingdom of Ado lasted over 400 years. In the course of this
expansion, Ado became associated with certain traits. Citizens of the kingdom
in general and those of the mother town, Ado-Ekiti in particular were reputed
for great attention to cleanliness. A popular lyrical description of Ado
citizenry depicts:
Ira Ule Ado m'etipise fifin seree
(Ado citizens with their usually clean heels)
Ado people were, by local standard,
tough and brave warriors. Traditions preserve numerous brave citizens of each
Ado community, the best known were Ogbigbonihanran of Idolofin quarters,
Ogunmonakan of Okelaja, Fasawo, a.k.a Aduloju of Udemo quarters, and Eleyinmi
Orogirigbona of Okeyinmi quarters - all of Ado-Ekiti and Ogunbulu, a.k.a Ala
l'oju Osoru of Aisegba. The exploits of Ado tough in many parts of Ekiti formed
the basis of the popular orature:
Ikara s'eji s'inu agbagba t'emi
ukoko (Of two balls of cake in the frying-pan, he insists his share is one)
Folk, traditions are replete with
fond references to Ewi's relationship with some other Ekiti traditional rulers.
Ewi's antecedents are depicted as:
Elempe Ekiti (mightiest man in
Ekiti) On k'emu 'kan o mu meji Oloju k'enu 'kan gba kete re (He is entitled to
one, he took two he has a disposition to take everything) Ewi i pe mi udiroko
Onitaji i pe mi esunsu...... (Ewi invites me for his udiroko festival Onitaji
invites me for his esunsu festival)
Folk traditions of this nature
vividly portray the towering position of Ado-Ekiti. In the first place,
Ado-Ekiti is situated at the heartland of Ekiti and is thus less exposed to crossborder
attacks or non-Ekiti influences. Consequently, over many centuries, waves of
immigrant groups seeking haven settled in Ado-Ekiti and several other Ado
communities. Many of these immigrants were refugees, they left thier old
homelands in parts of Ekiti, Akoko, Owo etc. where their leaders lost out in
chieftaincy contests. Some were war captives, these were brought in droves by
Aduloju and his lieutenants from their slave wars of the 1870s and 1880s in
parts of Owo, Ose and Akoko. They were settled in Ado communities where they
increased the local population, and enriched the culture with thier lineage
names and festivals in similar circumstances, citizens of Ado communities left
their fatherland and settled in a few places in the neighbourhood up to Ijesaland.
Ibadan sacked many Ado communities in 1873 and made a huge haul of prisoners of
war and other captives who eventually settled in Iwo, Ibadan and some Remo
towns such as Iperu and Makun Sagamu. However, Ado communities especially the
mother town offset part of their losses with a large number of slaves and
prisoners of war from Owo, Ose and Akoko.
From the 1880s, agents of the
British, especially Christian missionaries penetrated the Yoruba interior in an
endeavour to end the wars, in particular, the wars of liberation Ekitiparapo
communities waged against Ibadan since October, 1879. In June, 1886,
political-cum-military officers got the belligerent parties to sign a truce and
in March, 1893, Governor Carter of Lagos visited Ibadan and Ekitiparapo camps
of Igbajo and Imesi-Ile and terminated the war, got the leaders to sign
treaties which prohibited slavery and slave trade, human sacrifices and the use
of weapons to settle conflicts. The British administration in Lagos (which had
authority over Yoruba interland from 1893) proclaimed a general emancipation
for slaves and ordered slaves who so wished to return to their former
homelands. As a result, numerous citizens of Ekiti in general and Ado in
particular returned from captivity forth with. The British established its
colonial rule on vast territories and in 1900, a number of districts became
Nigeria. Eventually, further reorganizations led to the creation in January,
1913 of Ekiti District, with headquarters in Ado-Ekiti. That was a landmark
from where to begin the discussion of today, modern times, a period
characterized by the emergence of new things, phenomenal growth and development
of old kingdom and its Chief city, Ado-Ekiti.
1.3.2 RELIGION
Among the most conspicuous of the
great changes were the introduction and expansion of Christianity and Islam.
Christian missions especially of the CMS, Roman Catholic, Baptist, African
Church and Methodist, later the Cherubum and Seraphim and Apostolic Church took
root and expanded during the 20th century. Each of these Christian communities
established numerous churches such that by 1970, the CMS (Anglican) and the
Roman Catholic had grown so fast that they had become dioceses with their
headquarters and seats of bishops in Ado-Ekiti. The two missions had three
grammar schools, the number increased to five in 1990. The growth of Christian
communities was very rapid between 1970 and 2000; new missions and
denominations Pentecostal, Charismatic, Evangelical and Episcopal arose,
swelling up existing communions. Altogether over one hundred churches were
recorded in the city in the year 2000.
The Muslim community did not lag
behind, the faith spread. The central mosque was built about 1930 and
thereafter, a number of mosques were built in Idemo, Umayo, Isato (Irona),
Ogbonado, Okesa, Oke-Ila etc. The Ansar-Ud-Deen emerged in the early 1940s. As
a matter of fact, the number of mosques and the number of Muslims who have
performed the Hajj can readily come to hand as indices of expansion. The number
of mosques increased substantially with the growing number of well-to-do muslim
who build mosques as annexes to their private homes; by the year 2000, more
than forty mosques could be counted in the city. By 1960, only Alhaji Akorede
had performed the Hajj but the number of Alhajs increased in the 1970s and
steadily increased in the 1980s and 1990s.
1.4Objective of the Study
The study is aimed at find out how
to develop tourism globally and also aimed at looking into the various impacts
of religion on tourism and hospitality industry.
It is hoped that through this study,
tourists would have better understandings of religion and its impact on tourism
and hospitality industry as a whole. It is also hoped that through the findings
in this study, people (tourists) would see the relevance of Tourism on
Religion.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The researcher framed some sample
question which through it will enable the researcher archive the objective of
this study. The research question are as follows.
-Are there any motivation for people
to embark on tourism?
-Does religion motivate people to
embark on tourism?
-Does religion have an impact on
tourism and hospitality industry?
-Are there any relationship between
religion tourism, and the hospitality industry?
-Does government participate in the
development of religion?
-Does Religion motivate people to
travel?
1.6Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is
based on the fact that if findings of the researcher s are well implemented, it
will facilitate and improve the development of Religion towards tourism. It is
hoped that this study would answer some questions of what impacts religion have
on hospitality and tourism industry. The study will also arouse researchers
investigate ways of improving Religion Tourism.
1.7Statement of Problem
These are the problems encountered
during the course of engaging on the religion tourism activities. The major
problems include insufficient disposable income to partake and enjoy the
various religious activities, transportation problems, accommodation and food
and beverages services, and the major things that affects tourist from engaging
in the religion tourism.
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