ABSTRACT The research work here seeks to examine in the
impact of public awareness/enlightenment in tourism industry in Lagos state.
Through the study, the researcher was able to discover that public
enlightenment is an important factor in the promotion of tourism in Nigeria. It
was discovered that Lagos state have a lot of tourism sites which represents
ancient and recent histories in Nigeria and the Yoruba tribe in particular.
Unfortunately, not everybody knows about the existence of these museums due to
poor public enlightenment. The researcher therefore is of the opinion that
public enlightenment should be integrated into the tourism world especially in
Nigeria so as to boost the tourism industry which will directly boost the
nation’s economy. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Tourism is defined as a composite of
activities, services, and industries that delivers a travel experience to
individuals and groups travelling fifty miles (about eighty kilometres) or more
from their homes for purposes of pleasure. Tourism is travel for recreational,
leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists
as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment
for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited. In 1941, Hunziker and Krapf defined
tourism as people who travel "the sum of the phenomena and relationships
arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead
to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity."
In 1976, the Tourism Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the
temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places
where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each
destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981, the International
Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of
particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home. The
terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context,
travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful
journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to
imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited by tourists.
Tourism is one of the world‘s largest industries. For developing countries it
is also one of the biggest income generators. But the huge infrastructural and
resource demands of tourism (e.g. water consumption, waste generation and
energy use) can have severe impacts upon local communities and the environment
if it is not properly managed. Tourism is vital for many countries, such as
Nigeria, France, Egypt, Greece, Israel, United States, Spain, Italy, and
Thailand, and many island nations, such as The Bahamas, Fiji, Maldives,
Philippines and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for businesses
with their goods and services and the opportunity for employment in the service
industries associated with tourism. These service industries include
transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships and taxicabs,
hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts, and
entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music
venues and theatres Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the
world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, and
experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time
of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for
the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1840. In 1936, the
League of Nations defined foreign tourist as "someone travelling abroad
for at least twenty-four hours". Its successor, the United Nations,
amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months.
There has been an upmarket trend in the tourism over the last few decades,
especially in Africa, where international travel for short breaks is common.
Tourists have high levels of disposable income, considerable leisure time, are
well educated, and have sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for better
quality products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for
beach vacations; people want more specialised versions, quieter resorts,
family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels. The
developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets,
low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism
more affordable. As of April 28, 2009 The Guardian article notes that,
"the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any
time." There have also been changes in lifestyle, such as retiree-age
people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of
tourism products. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in
which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the
customer upon impulse. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In
2010, there were over 940 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth
of 6.6% as compared to 2009. International tourism receipts grew to US$919
billion (euro 693 billion) in 2010, corresponding to an increase in real terms
of 4.7%. As a result of the late-2000s recession, international travel demand
suffered a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008, with growth in international
tourism arrivals worldwide falling to 2% during the boreal summer months. This
negative trend intensified during 2009, exacerbated in some countries due to
the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, resulting in a worldwide decline of
4% in 2009 to 880 million international tourists’ arrivals, and an estimated 6%
decline in international tourism receipts. We have witnessed an exponential
growth in global tourism over the past half century. 25 million international
visitors in 1950 grew to an estimated 650 million people by the year 2000.
Several factors have contributed to this rise in consumer demand in recent
decades. This includes an increase in the standard of living in the developed
countries, greater allowances for holiday entitlements and declining costs of
travel. Tourism is an important export for a large number of developing
countries, and the principal export for about a third of these. The business
sectors comprising the tourism industry include: transportation,
accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, shops, entertainment
venues, activity facilities, and a variety of hospitality.
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