CHAPTER ONE
1.0.INTRODUCTION:
Tourism industry is the largest and
most efficient economic activities in the world that creates the highest levels
of added value and directly or indirectly affects other economic and cultural
activities. Many countries consider this dynamic industry as the main source of
income, employment, growth in private sector and infrastructure development
(Taleghani, Gilaninia & Bashiri, 2011). Although it can be said that
tourism alone cannot lead to the development of the country, but gradually with
the arrival of tourists create the need to change and facilities for accommodation,
transportation and other related activities, therefore will include development
(Dolat Abadi & Yaghoobzadeh, 2009: 15). Marketing in the tourism industry,
a process management (administration), including the current and future needs
and satisfaction of tourists, so that travel companies and suppliers will have
to compete with each other (Gilaninia, 2010). Nowadays cities are trying to
provide more revenue for their citizens and enhance their quality of life. In
the last two decades, especially since the beginning of the twenty-first
century, city managers and local authorities, urban planners and
decision-makers around the world have tried to increase situation and tourism
attractions in city and its position in the competitive global market are distinct
from other cities (Azadvari, 2011). Using effective marketing tools and
parameters is factors that could improve and develop the tourism industry
(Serdi Mahakan, 2001). Thus the marketing of tourism is particularly important,
because if marketing be management process thus all planning activities,
providing tourism product and attracting tourists are needed to marketing
operations (Pender, 1999).
Krippend off defined market tourism
as the systematic and coordinate execution business policy by tourist undertaking
whether state owned at local regional national international level the needs if
identifiable consumers groups and in doing so to achieve an appropriate return.
The first equipment for tourism
planning therefore is knowledge of the market and this involves researching
into people and their need that is to sky tourism facilities should be
organized primarily to meet the needs of the guest or users.
The impact of market is seen to
include the assessment of consumers demand in the first place and not mercy
satisfying demand as it appears.
1.2.STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:
i.The growth and development of
tourism are not without problems. The first is that of land used when for
example much of the areas of the tourist destination is devoted to enable land
and to other forms of agriculture. There may be a conflict in the demands which
tourism makes on the countryside for land requirement for his facilities.
This calls for provision of areas of
land and arising the problems of a location of scale resources in the most
equitable and satisfying way.
ii.Secondly there may be conflict
between the demand of visitors and the interest of resident of a town or region
the large the number of visitors and the greatest of risk of inconveniencies or
loss of amenity and facility of those living in the town or regions.
IiiTourism implies the injection
into the destination of an alien elements which may engender resentment in
other words, tourism may guess rise to population explosion. It is an important
test of the tourist organization to educate the resident population.
iv.Thirdly, tourism is to
considerable extent seasonal activities as observed during this study, tourist
centres have special days or needs or period of highest visits.
Relatively little of tourism
continuities throughout the year, most of its facilities are used intensively
for less than half time. This ledges to a wasteful use of resources and may in
seasonal unemployment, this is to an economic as well as social problem.
v.Another problems is in the area of
promotion and publicity to change some of the traditional attitudes of our
people with a largely aggression culture to coax them out of the conservatism
to which they seen entrusted. The public needs to be relaxation and on what
tourism is all about. Need, many people do not even know about the existence of
some of our tourist attractions existing in the state.
However, it must be pointed out that
our tourist organizations have been less concerned with the promotion of their
service. They should involve themselves in promotional activities such as the
sponsoring of sport tournaments at least twice a year. They should also engage
in organizing for instance culture festivals. This non-development of tourist
facilities to complete favorably with those funds in development countries,
account for constant movement by Nigerians to overseas countries for holidays
and relaxation these people who would have constitutes the tourist market in
Nigerian are loss to oversea market.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1.To identify the target market and
to highlight the purpose of relaxation to individual consumers who make up the
market.
2.The researcher wishes to identify
the tourist attention (product) available on the state and their facilities
3.To identify the various ways or
media by which the proprietors have seen able to make suggestion on ways to
bringing their services to the people or consumers.
4.To explore the impact of marketing
in tourism development and determine market problems in tourism.
5.To ascertain the position of the
tourist industry in the economic development of the state.
1.4.STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS:
H0: The quality of tourist services
offered by tourist organizations in Enugu state is not satisfactorily.
H1: The quality of tourist
product/facilities offered by tourist organization in Enugu state is
satisfactorily.
H0: The price of tourist product
provided by tourist organization in Enugu leads to increase in sales
H2: The price of tourist product
provided by tourist organization in Enugu does not lead to increase in sales.
H0: Distribution strategies adopted
by tourist organization in Enugu do not have positive effect on tourism
products.
H3: Distribution strategies adopted
by tourist organization in Enugu state have positive effect on tourist
products.
H0: The promotional strategies
adopted by tourist organization in Enugu do not lead to customer awareness.
H4: The promotional strategies
adopted by tourist organizational in Enugu leads to customer awareness.
H0: The marketing strategies employed
by tourist organization do not lead to increase sales.
H5: The marketing strategies
employed by tourist organization lead to increase sales.
1.5.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
The researcher hopes that this study
will enable the tourist industry/cooperators and government value the effect of
non-application of marketing concepts.
The study will also help all the
tourist industry in Nigeria especially in Enugu state to know the reason behind
the poor performance of the tourist industries and understands the impact to
play in the tourist facilities and the users.
The study will also act as a
literature review to those interested in doing further studies in this areas of
the study will also help keep the tourist proprietors to live up to their
effectuation of their consumer or guest by making sure that all necessary
tourist centers are developed and the facilities properly maintained.
Finally, the management proprieties
including government will benefits from this report of this study.
1.6.SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
This study covers the impact of
marketing on tourist destination. This it does by highlighting the problem
facing the study, the objectives and the limitation of the study.
1.7.LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
The researcher was supposed to make
a study of the many tourist centres that make up the tourist industry in the
country.
But owing to certain circumstances
and observation, the study of Enugu metropolis only led to been taken the
circumstance which made the study to be limited to only Enugu state considered
inadequate of the study and economic constraints.
The researcher also noticed that the
tourist industry is faced with almost the same problem of underdevelopment
throughout the country. Therefore it is assume that since such is the cash a
study within the Enugu urban will be adequate.
1.9.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The research was designed by the
researcher for objectivity and details. The staffs were divided into four
categories of workers namely: management, supervisors, operatives and casuals
to be able to accommodate the various types of workers in the centre. The study
was generally based on analytical sample survey where companion are made
between the different subgroup of the population under study. A pre-test was
also carried out by the researcher on isolated problems of the design, with a
view to establish a broad plan. Quantitative data was mostly utilized in the
analysis. Data was obtained using questionnaire, oral interviews and journals.
The format used in the questionnaire is the simple Yes/NO (True /False) format,
information format and liker scaling format. It took the researcher about 2
weeks to carry out the research which includes the designing, distribution and
final collection of the questionnaire, conducting conduction of oral interviews
and direct observation as well as the pre-test. These were all done as some
manageable less financial cost to the researcher.
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